CNC machining center: some of the low-voltage electrical components commonly used in CNC lathes often move frequently during the operation of the machine tool, so the quality of electrical components is one of the important factors for safe operation. Understand the working principles of electrical components and learn electrical schematics. The analysis is the necessary foundation for CNC lathe maintenance.
1. Transformer
A transformer is a static electrical appliance that converts an AC voltage of a certain value into an AC voltage of the same frequency but different values.
Note: Since the coil of the transformer is an energy storage element, when performing CNC maintenance, the transformer will continue to be energized for a short time after the machine tool is powered off, so pay attention to safety during maintenance.
2. Contactor
The contactor is an automatic control appliance used to frequently connect or disconnect the main circuit with load, and is composed of electromagnetic mechanism, contact system, arc extinguishing device and other components.
3. Relay
The relay is an electric appliance that turns on or off the control circuit according to the change of the input signal to achieve the control purpose.
Note: The contacts of the relay cannot be used to connect and disconnect the load circuit, which is also the difference between the role of the relay and the contactor.
4. Circuit breaker
Low-voltage circuit breakers used to be called automatic air switches. They are now called low-voltage circuit breakers using the ECE standard. Low-voltage circuit breakers are electrical appliances that combine the functions of a controller and a protective electrical appliance to effectively protect electrical equipment connected in series behind it.
5. Arc extinguisher
Extinguish the arc to prevent the arc arc from breaking, prevent damage to the equipment, improve the switching capacity of the switch and protect the safety of personnel.
6. Switching power supply
The switching power supply is called a high-efficiency energy-saving power supply. Because of the high-frequency switching state of the internal circuit, the energy consumed by itself is very low, and the power supply efficiency can reach about 80%, which is nearly double the ordinary linear power supply. Provide 24v5v DC power supply for machine tools in the machine tool circuit.
7. Button
Buttons are usually used to turn on or off control circuits to control the operation of motors or other electrical equipment. The contact that was turned on originally is called the normally closed contact and the normally open contact.
Note: Some switching power supply housings have a switch with input power of 110 and 220v. Pay attention to the position of this switch during installation and input the corresponding voltage, otherwise the switching power supply will be easily damaged.
8. Emergency stop switch
The emergency stop switch is one of the main control electrical appliances. When the machine is in a dangerous state, the power supply is cut off by the emergency stop switch to stop the operation of the equipment, so as to protect the personal and equipment safety. The emergency stop switch is usually a manually-controlled push-type switch, which is connected in series to the control circuit of the device and is used to directly disconnect the power supply of the control circuit in an emergency, thereby quickly stopping the device to avoid abnormal work.
9. Fuse
Fuse is the most simple and effective protection appliance widely used. Generally composed of melt and melt seat. The melt is generally made of alloy materials with low melting point and good conductivity, which protects the circuit in the machine tool.
