According to the name of the main metal with a large content in the alloy, it is classified as a certain alloy, such as a copper alloy with a high copper content, and its performance mainly maintains the performance of copper.
Classification of alloys
According to the name of the main metal with a large content in the alloy, it is classified as a certain alloy, such as a copper alloy with a high copper content, and its performance mainly maintains the performance of copper.
Depending on the structure, the main types of alloys are:
(1) Mixture alloy (eutectic mixture), when the liquid alloy solidifies, the alloys that make up the various components of the alloy, such as solder, bismuth-cadmium alloy, etc.;
(2) Solid melt alloys, alloys that form solid solutions when the liquid alloy solidifies, such as gold and silver alloys;
(3) Intermetallic compound alloys, alloys in which each component forms a compound with each other, such as brass (β-brass, γ-brass, and ε-brass) composed of copper and zinc.
Many properties of alloys are better than pure metals, so most of the alloys used in the application of materials (see iron alloys, stainless steel).
Alloy Generality
Each type of alloy has the following general characteristics:
(1) The melting point of most alloys is lower than the melting point of any of the constituent metals in its components;
(2) The hardness is generally greater than the hardness of any metal in its composition; (Special case: sodium-potassium alloy is liquid and used as a thermal agent in an atomic reactor)
(3) The electrical and thermal conductivity of the alloy is lower than that of any component metal. Using this characteristic of the alloy, high resistance and high thermal resistance materials can be manufactured. It can also produce materials with special properties.
(4) Some have strong corrosion resistance (such as stainless steel). If 15% chromium and 9% nickel are mixed into iron to obtain a corrosion-resistant stainless steel, it is suitable for the chemical industry.
2. Common alloys
Ductile iron, manganese steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, white copper, solder, duralumin, 18K gold, 18K white gold.
